Reflection On Math Assessment Reflection - 1324 Words

Math Assessment Reflection On October †¦.., 2017, a practicum observation was completed at Sharpsville Elementary that consisted of a third grade Math Assessment interview and observation. The third grade teacher works on formative and summative assessment in the math class. The teacher uses different ways to assess students in the classroom. In most cases, whether the child is above level or at the level where the child should be she has many options and strategies on how to solve mathematical problems as a whole-group or individually. This reflection will discuss the formative assessment, summative assessment, how students respond to the instruction, and a student interview observation.. Formative assessment focuses on conducting how†¦show more content†¦Incorporating these signals provide teachers a quick visual check on whether the students understand how to solve a problem and comprehend the problem. For example; using thumbs-up, hands on your head, or finger on your nose if agree or disagree to a solution. Allowing students to use an individual white board during math discussions or reviewing a concept show teachers how the child shows their work on how they arrive to their solution. Providing whiteboards for students is a great way to actively involve students to have them work out their learning process. This tool gives an immediate assessment and feedback. The third grade practicum teacher gives bonus homework sheets for students who want extra practice and DoJo points. These worksheets include double addition problems, subtraction problems, and some multiplication questions. The third grade classroom just started learning multiplication facts and how to show work to solve the problems. When we introduce a new multiplication factor we look on YouTube to find â€Å"Mr. DeMaio† because he sings from popular songs that students enjoy and are upbeat tones using the multiplication factor. We taught the first two factors to the studen ts so they can understand how the multiplication concept goes. Then, the practicum teacher pulls up an interactive PowerPoint for students to work on the floor the word problems. Each question the students will be called on to read the question aloud and then circle the numbers in theShow MoreRelatedEssay about Integrating Science and Math Into The Classroom 1383 Words   |  6 Pages12 science processes can be use in the lesson. In addition, we will examine how the use of differentiation can be use in this unit to address the needs of all the students. This paper will also address how assessments promote student learning. Finally this paper will show how the use of reflection thinking, manipulative and materials helps students develop a sense of science and fractions. The 12 Science Processes This unit on the apple life cycle includes the use of the 12 science processes inRead MoreGraduation Speech : Literature Review1648 Words   |  7 Pagesclassroom of â€Å"math haters.† When I surveyed my class, I found out the majority of my students thought math was boring and hard, and there was a strong dislike of math. While I collected my own data on them as well, via grades and watching how they worked, I realized I had students who excel greatly in mathematics, struggled immensely, and who are average to slightly below average. Realizing the diversity of learners in my classroom and the negative attitudes towards math, I chose to research math workshopRead MoreThe Star Math Assessment : A Comprehensive Assessment Tool1628 Words   |  7 Pages STAR Math Assessment The STAR Math Assessment ® is a standardized comprehensive assessment tool that provides educators with a surplus of information. The assessment is generally administered three times throughout a school year to provide beginning, middle and end of year data concerning student progress. Educators have the option of assessing students more frequently, but are advised not to administer more than once per quarter. The test is divided into content strands, and provides scaledRead MoreGraduation Speech : The Elementary Level Essay1653 Words   |  7 Pagesthat our teachers understand essential concepts and skills, and are able to identify the contributing facts affecting the desired student outcome. Such goals are derived by using a variety of methods to teach, and are reinforced via a variety of assessment tools that ascertain authentic student mastery of content. Thus, a cookie cutter approach to the education of our students is not an effective practice, as every student learn s differently. However, within our current educational model, mostRead MoreThe Effects Of Using Student Self Assessment And Progress Monitoring Strategies On Student Achievement Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesAt RA Jones Middle School, math and reading achievement is low. According to the 2014-2015 School Report Card from the Kentucky Department of Education, 42.2% of Rector A. Jones Middle School students are proficient/distinguished in reading and 26.3% are proficient/distinguished in math. As a middle school math and science teacher, I want to give my students tools that they can use to help them be successful in any subject area, in their current lives and in their futures. It is important thatRead MoreStandardized Testing Should Not Be Banned Essay1585 Words   |  7 Pagesexpanded by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. Standardized testing was created to promote equality within the education system; to treat and teach all students the same. The use of this test was als o meant to measure the students progress in math and reading, as well as to determine a student promotion to the next grade; but at what cost? Preparation for standardized tests is almost twenty-four-seven, every year from third grade to eighth grade. The preparation that takes up valuable learningRead MoreExample Of A Google Format846 Words   |  4 Pagesthe teacher himself/herself. This Google format allows not only working on this situation together, but also in-time messaging itself between its members in a collaborative effort. Additionally, at the bottom of the assigned task form, a student reflection area would be designated. Namely, this designated area would allow students to reflect and give feedback about the task. GoSoapBox GoSoapBox is an online collaborative digital tool that students can submit their individual answers to given classroomRead MoreEssay On Digital Tools870 Words   |  4 Pagesthe teacher himself/herself. This Google format allows not only working on this situation together, but also in-time messaging itself between its members in a collaborative effort. Additionally, at the bottom of the assigned task form, a student reflection area would be designated. Namely, this designated area would allow students to reflect and give feedback about the task. Go Soap Box at the website http://www.gosoapbox.com/ Go Soap Box is an online collaborative digital tool that students canRead MoreA Positive Mathematical Experience1452 Words   |  6 Pagesare elements that are â€Å"keys to their [students] success† (Cho Lawrence, 2015, p. 499) including: perseverance, cooperative work skills, reflection, self-assessment, self-confidence, decision making, and risk taking. First, the trait of perseverance and fostering it in students can be a difficult task, to say the least. I have found that as a high school math teacher, by the time students reach my classroom they have unfortunately been conditioned in a way that they think if they wait long enoughRead MoreSmarter Ways And Test Our Potential Youths Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pageshas expanded by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. Standardized testing was created to promote equality within the education system; to treat and teach all student the same. The use of this test was also meant to measure the students’ progress in math and reading, as well as to determine a student promotion to the next grade; but at what cost? Preparation for standardized tests is almost twenty-four-seven, every year from third grade to eighth grade. Preparation that takes up valuable learning time

Essay on Machiavelli’s The Prince and the Modern Executive

The Prince and the Modern Executive Few question The Prince’s place in the canon of western literature. That it marks a turning point in our collective history, the origin of the study of politics as a science (Pollock 43), is alone enough to warrant its classification as a Great Book. Its author, Niccolo Machiavelli, a contemporary of Copernicus, is generally accepted as an early contributor to the scientific revolution, because he looked at power and the nature of sovereignty through the eyes of a scientist, focused completely on the goal without regard for religion and morals and ethics. Machiavelli taught that the way princes actually do govern often differs substantially from than the way they ought to govern, according to†¦show more content†¦A corporation has its king and its barons, its courtiers and ambassadors, its loyalists and its dissident elements, its allies and its enemies. What is important to our application of his principles of statecraft to the business world is not the superficial d ifferences but the underlying unity. Modern corporations that are successful and well-managed do not necessarily operate in harmony with the personal morality of their employees and for the general good of their communities. Similarly, firms which pollute the environment or ask their employees to lie are not always forced into bankruptcy. The individualism and secularism that characterized the Italian Renaissance are dominant themes in Machiavelli’s thinking. His use of historical examples throughout The Prince demonstrates an extensive knowledge of Greek and Roman history and is consistent with the new-found love for antiquity of the Renaissance. Machiavelli was, in every sense of the word, a true renaissance man. He appears to be remarkably well-educated, although limited finances probably prevented him from studying at a major university. As a result, the effect of humanist teachings, prevalent at most of the institutions of higher learning at the time, on Machiavelli was limited. Machiavelli’s knowledge of specific details of politics is primarily the culmination of a life-long career as a bureaucrat and diplomat. In The Prince, MachiavelliShow MoreRelated Changing Interpretations of The Prince and Niccolo Machiavelli2638 Words   |  11 PagesChanging Interpretations of The Prince and Niccolo Machiavelli After five hundred years, Niccolo Machiavelli the man has ceased to exist. In his place is merely an entity, one that is human, but also something that is far above one. The debate over his political ideologies and theories has elevated him to a mythical status summed up in one word: Machiavelli. His family name has evolved into an adjective in the English language in its various forms. Writers and pundit’s bandy about this newRead MoreThe Impact of Philosophy on Government 1413 Words   |  6 PagesBetween the time of Machiavelli’s The Prince and Locke’s Second Treatise of Government, the concept of government evolved greatly. There were several philosophers that contributed their ideas and helped build the foundation for the governments we have today. Niccolo Machiavelli, an Italian philosopher, who lived from 1469 – 1527, became well known with his ideas and concepts of government. Machiavelli in his book The Prince, a guide of how to rule dedicated to Lorenzo de’ Medici, rulerRead MoreMachiavelli s Statement On The Prince1535 Words   |  7 Pagesmajor categories, namely, positional power and personal power. In this case, the paper is going to discuss these types of power and how they relate to Machiavelli’s statement in The Prince, â€Å"It is better to be feared than loved.† Many people would choose to have both but if it were that only one should be picked, it is evident that most of modern day leaders would choose to be feared rather than being loved. This is because love is always preserved by an obligatory link whereby most people can easilyRead MoreSteve Jobs as a Transformational leader1561 Words   |  7 Pagesone person must make all the final decisions, Jobs is an excellent choice. And when he does foul one off (as with the design of the original flat-screen iMac) or strike out entirely (the G4 Cube), he moves on immediately (Siracusa). Currently the executives at Appl e are more feared of Steve Jobs rather than by their own intrinsic factors. The only effective alteration strategy that permits the autocratic system into a more demographic style would only read What Would Steve Do? (Siracusa). DuringRead MoreEssay about Machiavellian Concepts on the Use of Fear 1059 Words   |  5 PagesIn Machiavelli’s â€Å"Prince† he discussed the use of fear as a political tool to maintain the state. He argued that fear when properly directed could generate loyalty and bolster the support of the government. He went on to write that fear was only powerful when wielded with care and when abused could quickly become counterproductive and result in being hated by the people. Fear was potent because it was the prince’s creation. Unlike love that is given to the prince and can easily be taken away, fearRead MoreThe Prince and the Discourses on Livy Essay2137 Words   |  9 Pagespolitical matters taking place in Florence, Italy. Further disc ussed in the text are two of Machiavelli’s most renowned works, The Prince and the Discourses on Livy. Both books comprehend Machiavelli’s understandings of politics and explicit analysis on the various methods of governments with respect to principalities and republics. Machiavelli had many intentions in mind when he was first writing The Prince, among which where to understand, instruct and influence the minds of rulers at the time.Read MoreA Study On Norwich University Essay1087 Words   |  5 PagesInterdisciplinary Studies, Criminal Justice, Cyber Security, Management Studies and Strategic Studies and Defense Analysis. Online Master s degrees include Diplomacy, International Relations, Military History, Business Administration, Civil Engineering, Executive Leadership and Public Administration. Norwich University Accreditation Details Norwich University is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges’ (NEASC) Commission on Institutions of Higher Education. Norwich UniversityRead MoreThe Day Of The Family Farm Days1277 Words   |  6 PagesUtopia (1516), agree that communication in civic society can be used to deceive. They assert that there is a moral challenge to deceive and communicate (p.24). Moore (2014), also asserts that there are similarities between The Republic and Machiavelli’s The Prince (1513), who advise rulers how to manage media to hold onto power by using deceit if necessary, rather than by cultivating virtue in individual citizens. The pork industry, similar to Plato’s philosophy in The Republic, is a proponent ofRead MorePhilosopy: The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli Essay1773 Words   |  8 Pagesof any will, or restrain of any law† that operates for the commonwealth’s interests. His belief of social liberty seemed to have led him to his justification of having a government with three separate branches: the judicial, legislative, and the executive branch, all of which are incorporated in the U.S. government. It is becoming more obvious that Locke seems to believe that personal freedom is the most important ingredient to an idealistic society where the government serves only for their commonwealth’sRead MoreMain Theories Of Major Political Thinkers Essay3882 Words   |  16 Pagesof major political thinkers cannot be applied in the modern world due to their limitations. We can see some of the theories are completely inapplicable; some are partly applicable in the modern world and applying all of their theories we cannon ensure the best result we desire. In this paper we will discuss the theories of major political thinkers and the limitations of the theories that create obstruction in terms of appliaction in the modern world. Now here appears a question, among a huge numbers

Article on Personal Finance Planning

Question: Discuss about a Article on Personal Finance Planning? Answer: Personal Finance Planning refers to the management of financial benefits. It helps an individual to understand the calculations and predictions of each and every financial decision. (Chlebikova, Misankova and Kramarova, 2015). As every individual possesses a different goal, so it is extremely needful to propose a different and unique plan that can excel the procedures of financial management for both the present times and for the future references. The UK is the centre point of having a relatively higher range of per capita retirement financial savings. It has been reported that the rate is even higher than Europe as well. In the context of a low and crumbling state of the current standards of the state condition of pension in the UK, developing a strong personal pension savings plan accumulates extreme importance. In this present article, we would critically consider a statement made by the UK Pensions Minister, Baroness Altmann. She stated in relations to the personal finance plann ing that to invest for a long time period it is highly required to incentivize every individual person, but to achieve that goal the Government is required to ensure offering the right incentives at the perfectly right time. This present article would critically consider Baroness Altmanns statements as well as would discuss whether or not the successive UK governments have created an environment to encourage consumers to grasp the importance of the planning of retirement. Due to the lack of excel to a set of honest information and advisory, UK government failed pathetically to protect the pension rights of the members of the final scheme of salary. At the same time, the incentive problems were high because of the complicated state provision issues. So what Baroness Altmann has stated was highly required but in the UK, it was not being followed properly. Presently there is running a trend which speaks for the increasing needs of individual provision. If people do not save or invest, the savings level falls down increasing the state support and risk of causing the pensioner poverty. In recent times, the problems and difficulties related to saving are much higher than that of not saving. The current economic system prevailing in the economic system of UK promotes disincentives. UKs structure of incentives to plan the financial savings and use tax systems as the key strategy of incentive saving have been neglected the most in recent years. In the present scenario of gradual revert, this negligence and inattentiveness are absolutely surprising. Those who usually try to save belong to that area of society who earns a significantly high amount of money and as because they earn a high amount of money they tend to receive highest marginal tax receive facilities. Therefore, they get ample opportunities of saving a high percentage of saving. But according to the words of Baroness Altman herself, the finance planning of incentivizing every single individual should not be limited to a few privileged class, but the government itself should take measures to spread the awareness to combat the situation of financial crisis via incentivize. (Hilsdon, 2012) To spread the awareness about the benefits of savings and owning asset materials to every member of the society the Treasury actually argues on encouraging every single person to develop a regular nature of saving so that they can recognize the benefits of saving. To support the Pension ministe r herself, it can be said that the benefits of saving and incentivising are of immense significance. There are some practical and behavioural benefits of having a properly chalked out financial plan of saving. (Danro, 2011) Behavioural Benefits Practical Benefits Individual Benefit Self-reliance and security of independence enhance. Improved betterment of personal development skills. Enhanced ability to shape a plan. Improved condition to bear and afford luxuries. (King and Carey, n.d.). Proper precautions designed savings plan would help to mitigate the risks of times in adversity, i.e., emergency situation, periods of unemployment and during retirement. It would increase the level of comfort during old age. Improved real life situations such as high rate of earning and less unemployment. Social Benefit The increased stock of national resources. The residents of any country become exclusively attentive towards a better future which promotes financial efficiency. The economic growth of a country equally motivates its people. (Lymer and Richards, 1995). The cost of prosperity and social security support reduces. The increased capital stock of finance. Long-term growth of the general economy. Enough domestic support in the capital markets. Table: - Individual and Social Saving Assistance UK Government, nevertheless presently published a set of crucial policies explaining why they encourage and introduce savings since 1997. (Collins and Wiseman, 2012). These go as follow: Capital pension limits are increasing. CAT standards have been introduced. Government needs to fight financial barring and exclusion by providing basic bank accounts to every single citizen .Government has also authenticated Financial Services Authority as the only regulator of finance management. Financial education has been decided to be included in the part of the national Stakeholder pensions and Pension credits have been inaugurated. (Mole, 2002) Financial incentive refers to a set of monetary benefits designed to promote and motivate encourage in behaviour and actions which on the other hand might not happen without the monetary benefit. Money, in this case, plays an important role of motivator. (Waring, 2011). The common uses of money as incentives are acted out in many forms, i.e., wages, the increment of salary, beneficiaries at the period of retirement, medical compensations etc. To encourage people to save the UK Government currently launched curriculum of major financial incentives and that has been termed as the tax relief. There are procedures which explain as to what are supposed to be the usage of those generous tax breaks provided by the Government of UK. Tax relief can be used for the benefits of the pensioners and those short term saving equipment, i.e., ISAs which would help the people from the low-income group. (Oakshott, 2012). The current structure of the economy in the UK has inequity in its structure of incentives and tax relief. 90% of the UK population of taxpayers do not have proper knowledge of tax relief and therefore, they are unable to make out the exact amount of money government is allocating them as tax relief to include it into their pension account. Tax relief is considered to be an attribute of negativity and inflexibility by some people. (Staehr, 2015) The reason behind the inflexibility stemmed from the realization that higher income group of pensioners are much more benefited with more government money than the basic rate taxpayers. The second table below would expand more on this, showing the polarity of higher and standard tax relief which provokes wealth inequality. The effects of time compounding impact on the tax relief, the cost of every individual remains the same (12/ month for 30 years as it mentioned in the provided case study). In this scenario those who pay a higher rate of ta xes will be benefited with high rates of pension pots than those who stand below them. They would be accumulating over 16,000 compared to those who belong to basic rate just above 12,000. (Times Finance London, 2016) 22 percent tax payer (Assumption : 20% simplicity) 40% tax payer Pre-tax gross individual contribution 15 20 Post-tax Net individual contribution 12 net/ month for 30 years 12 net/ month for 30 years Per month contribution of state fund of tax relief 3 per month by UK Government Government effectively puts in 8/month(4 pension 4- tax bill off ) Total state contribution over 30 years 1,080 2,880 Pension pot after 30 years 12,280 16,373 (Times Finance London, 2016). . Table 2: The present structure of tax relief shows wealth inequality To wrap up the article, we may conclude that it is high time for UK government to design a reformed plan of saving, regardless of the different income standards. The aim to be adopted by the government in this context is to arrange for pensions savings incentives for as many people as possible. (Brealey and Kwan, 1999)The inequality in the gross incentive plans should be mitigated to provide a better life for everyone. The process of incentivising should be operated through a procedure called minimum lifetime annuity where policies should be designed on the basis of pension savings. In order to look after the costs that the new scheme possesses, the UK government would require setting few limits on the amount of savings which would, later on, be awarded matching payment incentives by the Exchequer. (Bonoli, 2000). The level or the base on which the limits are to be set is of high significance. The limits can vary on the basis of the ratio of incentives to the number of resources. The UK government is also supposed to encourage the citizens for savings throughout their life cycles. The reasons for this encouraging lie in the factors, such as, it would invariably simplify the savings environment and secondly, it would educate people on starting a routine of developing their own savings plan early. Early savings plan would, therefore, secure the future desires of people by backing them up with a stock of emergency assets. The government is also supposed to launch proper awareness campaigning to educate people on personal finance planning. (Atamian and Kinevan, 1981) References Atamian, L. and Kinevan, M. (1981). Personal Estate Planning. The Journal of Finance, 36(5), p.1221. Bonoli, G. (2000). The politics of pension reform. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Brealey, R. and Kwan, S. (1999). Personal taxes and the time variation of stock returns evidence from the UK. Journal of Banking Finance, 23(11), pp.1557-1577. Chlebikova, D., Misankova, M. and Kramarova, K. (2015). Planning of Personal Development and Succession. Procedia Economics and Finance, 26, pp.249-253. Collins, C. and Wiseman, A. (2012). Education strategy in the Developing World. Bingley, UK: Emerald.s COX, P. and SCHNEIDER, M. (2006). GLOBAL SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE INVESTING: THE SRI OF US PENSION PLANS IN THE UK. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2006(1), pp.D1-D6. Danro, A. (2011). Be Smart in Everything That Matters. Luton: Andrews UK. Flippen, E. and Gitman, L. (1979). Personal Finance. The Journal of Finance, 34(1), p.274. Gardner, J. (n.d.). Pension Adequacy: The Challenge for Defined Contribution Pension Plans. SSRN Electronic Journal. Hilsdon, J. (2012). Interpreting Personal Development Planning (PDP): a policy and professional practice story of higher education in the UK. Research in Post-Compulsory Education, 17(4), pp.483-495. King, J. and Carey, M. (n.d.). Personal finance. Lymer, A. and Richards, K. (1995). A Hybrid-Based Expert System for Personal Pension Planning in the UK. Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management, 4(1), pp.71-88. Meyer, T., Bridgen, P. and Riedmuller, B. (2007). Private pensions versus social inclusion?. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Mole, K. (2002). Street-Level Technocracy in UK Small Business Support: Business Links, Personal Business Advisers, and the Small Business Service. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 20(2), pp.179-194. Oakshott, L. (2012). Essential quantitative methods for business, management and finance. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. O'Brien, C. (2007). Accounting for risky liabilities: evidence from UK pension plans. International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation, 4(3), p.286. Skinner, C. (n.d.). The financial universe. Staehr, A. (2015). Human resource risk and succession planning. Agricultural Finance Review, 75(1), pp.133-139. Times Finance London, (2016). . Waring, M. (2011). Pension finance. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Knowledge Ideology Politics Of Schooling †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Knowledge Ideology Politics Of Schooling? Answer: Introducation I agree with the Marxists who claim that the school is a contested site between those who have power and those who do not have. In our societal structure, power comes with money. However, the power also represents the socio-economic condition of a man. The person, who has better socio-economic condition, avails more power in the societal structure. According to Marx, school is the capitalist agency that caters organized or institutionalized education that is the part of the superstructure (Fine, 2016). The school is that institution that is controlled by the economic base, which is in the hand of the capitalists. However, the person with higher socio-economic condition controls the school as an establishment and determines the educational structure. In this societal structure, schools are the means to convey the ideology and purpose, philosophy and goal, instruction and curriculum. The power holders in the society, that is those who is in the much better socio-economic condition, tra nsmits officially approved knowledge which is defined as the standards by them. However, in this context, the schools are the sites of the power holders (Callinicos, 2012). For example, my school represents an educational structure that would allow students with well-economic condition. It is a wealthy school and all the students are the representative of the upper-economic class. I agree with Marxists who claim that the capitalist economic system creates consumer desires through the manipulation of illusions in marketing. The capitalists who are the owner of the modes and means of the production dominate capitalist economic system. The capitalist economic system creates desire in the heart of the consumers who buy the commodities (Lenski, 2013). Under capitalism, a commodity is that material, which fulfils the human needs. I agree with the Marxist point of view that the advertising stimulates the consumers desires through the method of manipulation. The advertising and marketing is a kind of policy that is applied by the capitalist economics to stimulate the consumers desire and it leads the consumers to purchase the commodity. Through advertising and marketing a kind of illusion is created, which is utilized for the method of stimulation in the consumers mind to sell the product. The commercials appeal to the emotional or the sensual part of the human mind a s it creates illusions rather than to the real need (Sharp, 2017). The advertising promotes the needs other than the basic one and creates illusions, which are the beauty, sexual attraction and the empowerment of the capitalism, which holds the means of the product. The system of illusion through marketing and advertising is created for the profit of the capitalists (Biddle, 2013). For example, a young man, who will buy a motorbike after watching television commercial, will in turn attract the woman. From Marxists perspective, the role of teachers in class struggle is that they are the representatives of the capitalism. The school as a capitalist structure maintains and reproduces the educational institution through which they can ensure their domination. The teachers are the member of this structure. They provide the education to the little ones. The teachers transmit false ideology to the working class children (Sarup, 2013). The teachers transmit knowledge through their teaching, which is the standard according to the capitalist class. I agree with the Marxist point of view. I agree with the Marxist point of view because in the capitalist structure, the educational system is the means to transmit the knowledge of the power holder. The teacher is the medium to transmit the knowledge. The teacher helps the dominant socio-economic group to reproduce the member who will carry the massage of the capitalists. The teacher plays the role of the medium in this societal structure. The teacher helps the power holders to maintain their dominance in the society, as they are the carrier to transmit particular type of knowledge, approved from the power holders. References Biddle, B. J. (2013).Role theory: Expectations, identities, and behaviors. Academic Press. Callinicos, A. (2012).The revolutionary ideas of Karl Marx. Haymarket Books. Fine, B. (2016).Marxs capital. Springer. Lenski, G. E. (2013).Power and privilege: A theory of social stratification. UNC Press Books. Sarup, M. (2013).Marxism and Education (RLE Edu L): A Study of Phenomenological and Marxist Approaches to Education. Routledge. Sharp, R. (2017). Knowledge, ideology and the politics of schooling: Towards a Marxist analysis of education (Vol. 50). Routledge.